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Six cases of endometrial hyperplasia 3.8% of subjects ; detected by EBX in women taking 1800 mg day soy extract 150 mg isoflavones day ; 5 years versus none in placebo group 41 biopsy specimens of placebo group were "unaccessible", so hard to draw conclusions.
Kuroki, K., R. Russnak, and D. Ganem. 1989. Novel N-terminal amino acid sequence required for retention of a hepatitis B virus glycoprotein in the endoplasmic reticulum. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9: 4459-2266. Lambert, C., and R. Prange. 2003. Chaperone action in the posttranslational topological reorientation of the hepatitis B virus large envelope protein: Implications for translocational regulation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100: 5199-5204.
[8] Woo HL, Swenerton KD, Hoskins PJ. Taxol is active in platinum resistant endometrial adenocareinoma. Ann J Clin Oncol 1996; 19 3 ; : 2901. [9] Zhou DP, Ping WX. Anti-cancer taxol produced by microbiology [10] [11] Zhou DP, fermentation. Ping WX. Chinese Study on Science isolation and of Technology Publishing House, 2003. taxol-producing fungus. J Microbiol 2001; 21 1 ; : 1820. Zhou DP, Sun JQ, Yu HY, et al. Nodulisporium, a genus new to china, Mycosystema 2001; 20 2 ; : 148 9 [12] Zhou DP, Ping WX. Protoplast fusion of micro-organism, Heilongjiang, Publishing House of the Science Technology. 1990: 2447. [13] Zhu BC, Cheng YL, Li QY, et al. Screening of high potency penicillin producing strain by UV irradiation of protoplast from penicillum chrysogenum. Journal of China Antibiotic 1994; 19 6 ; : 401 3
The metabolism of taxol is catalyzed by cytochrome p450 isoen-zymes cyp2c8 and cyp3a in the absence of formal clinical drug interaction studies, caution should be exercised when administering taxol concomitantly with known substrates or inhibitors of the cytochrome p450 isoenzymes cyp2c8 and cyp3a potential interactions between taxol, a substrate of cyp3a4, and protease inhibitors ritonavir, saquinavir, indinavir, and nelfinavir ; , which are substrates and or inhibitors of cyp3a4, have not been evaluated in clinical trials.
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That is five months longer than taxol alone and taxotere.
Blockade with medical or surgical castration in advanced prostate cancer: A meta-analysis of nine published randomized controlled trials and 4128 patients using flutamide. Prostate Cancer Prost Dis 1999; 2: 4-8. Robson M. Dawson N. How is androgen-dependent metastatic prostate cancer best treated? Hematol Oncol North 1996; 10: 727-47. Gotkas S, Crawford ED. Optimal hormonal therapy for advanced prostatic carcinoma. Semin Oncol 1999; 26: 162-73. Mani S, Vogelzang NJ. Is 'off-protocol' chemotherapy for androgen-independent carcinoma of prostate warranted? Hematol Oncol North 1996; 10: 749-68. Oh WK, Kantoff PW. Management of hormone refractory prostate cancer: Current standards and future prospects. J Urol 1998; 160: 1220-9. Lara PN, Meyers FJ. Treatment options in androgen-independent prostate cancer. Cancer Invest 1999; 17: 137-44. Dawson NA. Apples and oranges: Building a consensus for standardized eligibility criteria and endpoints in prostate cancer clinical trials. J Clin Oncol 1998; 16: 3398-405. Bubley GJ, Carducci M, Dahut W et al. Eligibility and response guidelines for phase II clinical trials in androgen-independent prostate cancer: Recommendations from the Prostate-specific Antigen Working Group. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17: 3461-7. Scher HI, Steineck G, Kelly WK. Hormone-refractory D3 ; prostate cancer: Refining the concept Urology 1995; 46: 142-8. Scher HI, Kelly WK. The flutamide withdrawal syndrome: Its impact on clinical trials in hormone-refractory prostatic cancer. J Clin Oncol 1993; 11: 1566-72 Small EJ, Vogelzang NJ. Second-line hormonal therapy for advanced prostate cancer: A shifting paradigm. J Clin Oncol 1997; 15: 382-8. Scher HI, Zhang ZF, Nanus D, Kelly WK. Hormone and antihormone withdrawal: Implications for the management of androgen-independent prostate cancer. Urology 1996; 47: 61-9. Pollen JJ, Wtztum KF, Ashburn WL. The flare phenomenon on radionucleotide bone scan in patients with metastatic prostatic cancer AJR J Roentgenol 1984; 142: 773-6. Smith PH, Bono A, da Silva C et al. Some limitations of the radioisotope bone scan in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Cancer 1990; 66: 1009-16 Ferro MA, Gillatt D, Symes MO et al. High-dose intravenous estrogen therapy in advanced prostatic carcinoma: Use of serum prostate-specific antigen to monitor response. Urology 1989; 34: 134-8. Smith DC, Dunn RL, Strawderman MS, Pienta KJ. Change in serum prostate-specific antigen as a marker of response to cytotoxic therapy for hormone-refractory prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 1998; 16: 1835-43. Scher HI, Kelly WMK. Zhang ZF et al. Post-therapy serum prostate-specific antigen level and survival in patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999; 91: 244-51. Horti J, Dixon SC, Logothetis CJ et al. Increased transcriptional activity of prostate-specific antigen in the presence of TNP-470, an angiogenesis inhibitor. Br J Cancer 1999; 79: 1588-93. Bauer KS, Figg WD, Hamilton JM et al. A pharmacokinetically guided phase II study of carboxyamido-tnazole in androgenindependent prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 1999; 5: 2324-9. Moore MJ, Osoba D, Murphy K et al. Use of palliative endpoints to evaluate the effects of mitoxantrone and low-dose prednisone in patients with hormonally resistant prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 1994; 12: 689-94. Tannock IF, Osoba D, Stockier MR et al. Chemotherapy with mitoxantrone plus prednisone or prednisone alone for symptomatic hormone-resistant prostate cancer: A Canadian randomized trial with palliative endpoints. J Clin Oncol 1996; 14: 175664. Osoba D, Tannock IF, Ernst DS, Neville AJ. Health-related quality of life in men with metastatic prostate cancer treated with prednisone alone or mitoxantrone and prednisone. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17: 1654-63. Bloomfield DJ. Krahn MD, Neogi Tet al. Economic evaluation of chemotherapy with mitoxantrone plus prednisone for symptomatic hormone-resistant prostate cancer: Based on a Canadian randomized trial with palliative endpoints. J Clin Oncol 1998; 16: 2272-9. Jacobsen PB. Weitzner MA. Evaluation of palliative endpoints in oncology clinical trials. Cancer Control 1999; 6: 471-7. Kantoff PW, Halabi S. Conaway M et al. Hydrocortisone with or without mitoxantrone in men with hormone-refractory prostate cancer: Results of the Cancer and Leukemia Group B 9182 study. J Clin Oncol 1999: 17: 2506-13. Eisenberger MA, Abrams JS. Chemotherapy for prostatic carcinoma. Semin Urol 1988; 6: 303-10. Yagoda A, Petrylak D. Cytotoxic chemotherapy for advanced hormone-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer 1993; 71: 1098-109. Canobbio L, Guarneri D, Miglietta L et al. Carboplatin in advanced hormone refractory prostatic cancer patients. Eur J Cancer 1993: 29A: 2094-6. Schmid HP, Maibach R, Bernhard J et al. A phase II study of oral idarubicin as a treatment for metastatic hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma with special focus on prostate specific antigen doubling time. Cancer 1997; 79: 1703-9. Fields-Jones S, Koletsky A, Wilding G et al. Improvements in clinical benefit with vinorelbine in the treatment of hormonerefractory prostate cancer: A phase II trial. Ann Oncol 1999; 10: 1307-10. Roth BJ, Yeap BY, Wilding G et al. Taxol in advanced, hormonerefractory carcinoma of the prostate. Cancer 1993; 72: 2457-60. Picus J, Schultz M. Docetaxel Taxotere ; as monotherapy in the treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer: Preliminary results. Semin Oncol 1999; 26 Suppl 17 ; : 14-8. Hudes GR, Kosierowski R, Greenberg R et al. Phase II study of topotecan in metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Invest New Drugs 1995; 13: 235 Reese DM, Tchekmedyian S, Chapman Yet al. A phase II trial of innotecan in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Invest New Drugs 1999; 16: 353-9. Morant R, Bernhard J, Maibach A et al. Response and palliation in a phase II trial of gemcitabine in hormone-refractory metastatic prostatic carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2000; 11: 183-8. Rajagopalan K, Peereboom D, Budd GT et al. Phase II trial of circadian infusion floxuridine FUDR ; in hormone refractory metastatic prostate cancer. Invest New Drugs 1998; 16: 255-8. Schultz PK, Kelly WK, Begg C et al. Post-therapy change in prostate-specific antigen levels as a clinical trial endpoint in hormone-refractory prostatic cancer: A trial with 10-ethyl-deazaaminopterine. Urology 1994; 44: 237-42. Edelman MJ, Meyers FJ, Grennan T et al. Phase II trial of pyrazine diazohydroxide in androgen-independent prostate cancer. Invest New Drugs 1998; 16: 179-82. Small EJ, Fippin LJ, Whisenant SP. Pyrazoloacridine for the treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Cancer Invest 1998; 16: 456-61. Van Haelst-Pisani CM, Richardson RL, Su J et al. A phase II study of recombinant human alpha-interferon in advanced hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Cancer 1992; 70: 2310-2. Kelly WK, Curley T, Leibertz C et al. Prospective evaluation of hydrocortisone and suramin in patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 1995; 13: 2208-13. Dreicer R, Kemp JD, Stegink LD et al. A phase II trial of deferoxamine in patients with hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer. Cancer Invest 1997; 15: 311-7. Small EJ, Reese DM, Um B et al. Therapy of advanced prostate cancer with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Clin Cancer Res 1999; 5: 1738-44. Culine S, Kramar A, Droz JP. Theodore C. Phase II study of alltrans retinoic acid administered intermittently for hormone refractory prostate cancer. J Urol 1999; 161: 173-5.
Taxol neurological
Sensory symptoms have usually improved or resolved within several months of taxol discontinuation and tazorac.
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Of MT, cells on a given penetration had very similar RFs, and estimationsof RFs of unresponsivesingleand multiunits were thus made on the basisof RFs representingthe samepart of visual space. For the 37 unresponsive single and multiunits categorizedin this fashion, the distanceto the nearestresponsive recording site ranged from 0.00 to 1.31 mm, with a median separation of 0.18 mm. With one exception, the data obtained from eachhemisphere were very similar, as describedin subsequentportions of the Results, and have been pooled for discussionin this section. The exception was that in the unilaterally lesioned case no. 542 ; , a majority of single and multiunits with RFs along the vertical meridian or within the ipsilateral 5" were found to give strong responses, including those with RFs within the field defect. By contrast, singleand multiunits with RFs along the vertical meridian in the bilaterally lesionedanimals were not significantly more responsivethan thosewith RFs elsewhere within the lesion zone. Because interhemispheric connectionsbetween extrastriate areaspreferentially connect the midline representation Van Essen and Zeki, 1978 ; , we suspected commissural a input to cells with RFs on or over the vertical meridian in the unilaterally lesionedcase.Such inputs might possibly have derived from the contralateral intact ; striate cortex via the contralateral MT. Becauseof this possibility, data from these 56 recording sitesare presentedseparatelyin the relevant portions of the Results. The body of the Results is organized as follows. First, histological verification of the striate cortex lesionsfor each case will be presented cond, after commentson recording quality, the effects of the striate cortex removal on the responsiveness of MT neurons will be described.Third, data will be presented on the directional characteristicsand ocular dominance of MT neurons following the striate cortex lesions. Finally, we will considerRF size and topographic organization in MT following the striate cortex lesion. Histological findings Case no. 542 partial unilateral lesion ; . Figure 1 showsrepresentative sectionsthrough the cortex and LGN and the estimated field defect. Retrograde degeneration in the LGN indicated that the striate cortex lesionzone included the visual field representationto about 45" along the horizontal meridian. Reconstruction of the lesion zone from the borders of the striate cortex lesionproduced an estimateof the field defect that agreed well with the estimate derived from degenerationin the LGN. In total, the field defect extended about lo" into both upper and lower fields at the midline and reachedabout 20" into the upper and lower fields by about 20" along the horizontal meridian. The most peripheral border of the defect wasapproximately 45" along the horizontal meridian. Caseno. 55.5 partial bilateral lesion, Fig. 2 ; . The lesion was symmetrical acrossboth hemispheres. of the striate cortex All on the dorsolateral surfacewas removed bilaterally, except for a narrow strip in eachhemisphere lying at the dorsomedialedge of striate cortex along the lunate sulcus. In both hemispheres there was a slight invasion of the infragranular layers of striate cortex in the posterior-most portion of the calcarine sulcus, which is continuous with the posterior part of the medial edge of the dorsolateral striate cortex. Limited damageto V2 was present in both hemisphereson the dorsolateral surface, extending slightly onto the posterior banks of the lunate and inferior occipital sulci. Degeneration in eachLGN was limited to and telithromycin.
Taxol dose in small cell lung cancer
We investigated the antitumor activity of the antisense RI MBO in nude mice bearing GEO colon cancer xenografts, using either the i.p. or the oral route of administration. When established GEO tumors of 0.2 cm3 were detectable, groups of 10 mice were treated i.p. with either the antisense RI or the scramble MBO, at doses of 1, 5, or 10 mg kg daily on days 711 and 14 18. Fig. 1 shows that antisense RI i.p. caused a dose-dependent inhibition of growth up to 50% at the dose of 10 mg kg, whereas the scramble MBO was unable to do so even at a dose of 10 mg kg. It has been shown that the MBOs, including the antisense RI used in the present study, are absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and distributed to major organs 15, 16 ; . Therefore, in parallel groups of 10 mice, we performed the same experiment but administered the MBOs p.o. As shown in Fig. 2, oral antisense RI caused a dose-dependent inhibition of growth, which achieved 60% inhibition at the dose of 10 mg kg after two cycles of treatment compared with untreated mice, whereas the tumor volume of the mice treated with the scramble MBO was only moderately inhibited. We reported previously that a methylphosphonate MBO antisense RI administered i.p. in combination with Taxol causes a cooperative growth inhibition of GEO tumor xenografts 17 ; . We investigated whether such cooperative effect.
Had no effect on apoptosis, revealing that caspase-9 does not play a role during taxol-triggered apoptosis. Furthermore, our Western blot analysis shows that caspase-9 was not activated by taxol see Fig. 4C ; . Collectively, the data shown in Fig. 2 revealed that the initiator caspase-10 and the executioner caspase-6 are essential for triggering taxol-induced apoptosis. However, none of the caspase inhibitors used affected necrosis. We also assessed the effects of the cathepsin B inhibitor Z-FAFMK and the cathepsin L inhibitor Z-FF-FMK and found that these inhibitors did not affect taxol-induced apoptosis data not shown ; . To determine whether taxol treatment causes activation of caspases, we performed Western blotting of the executioner caspases caspases-3 and -6 ; and initiator caspases caspases-8, -9, and -10 ; using antibodies capable of recognizing the proforms and activated forms of these caspases. Western blot analysis of caspase-3 was performed using a rabbit polyclonal antibody produced to recombinant human caspase-3, known to recognize both the 32-kDa procaspase-3 as well as the 17- and 11-kDa activated forms of this caspase. As shown in Fig. 3A, treatment of the cells with 0.1, 0.5, and 1 M taxol for 48 h increased the cleavage of procaspase-3 to its 17- and 11-kDa active forms in these cells Fig. 3A ; . Moreover, treating the cells with the caspase-10 inhibitor Z-AEVD-FMK and taxol as described under "Experimental Procedures" prevented the processing of procaspase-3 to its active species, but it was not fully processed and was presented as an inactive 24-kDa intermediate form 39 ; Fig. 3A, panel a ; . Similarly, treating the cells with the caspase-8 inhibitor Z-IETD-FMK prevented processing of procaspase-3 to its active species, and the inactive 24kDa intermediate form was again seen Fig. 3A, panel b ; . To determine whether caspase-6 activation is involved in taxolinduced apoptosis, we used a mouse monoclonal antibody that and temodar.
Taxol hand foot syndrome
Taxol in patients with heavily pretreated ovarian cancer Results of second-line treatment with taxol in patients with ovarian cancer have already been published. However, in this issue Uzieli et al. present their analysis of 68 patients treated in a single institution. Partial reponses were achieved in 16%, while a substantial proportion of the patients apparently have stable disease on continued taxol for a relatively long period of time. A high incidence of infection 44% of patients ; prompts the authors to discuss a more aggressive use of cytokines. More on 5-FU folinic acid in advanced gastric cancer In this issue Vanhoefer et al. report responses with an aggressive weekly 24-hour infusion of high-dose 5-FU and folinic acid even in patients pretreated with or resistant to regimens including 5-FU folinic acid i.v. bolus. Based on these data, it would appear that this particular schedule of high-dose 5-FU folinic acid would warrant investigation in first-line combination chemotherapy. Supradiaphragmatic Hodgkin's disease: Results from a cancer registry Even for Hodgkin's disease HD ; there aren't too many examples of results based on all patients registered in National Programmes. Such results are sometimes inconsistent with findings of randomized trials, which are linked more closely to a selected population. In this issue, Glimelius et al. present data for early and intermediate stages of supradiaphragmatic HD registered within the Swedish National Care Programme.
RGURE 2. Lett ; Initial pelvic CT Patient 8 ; prior to therapy shows a lytic lesion arrow ; in the left ischium. Right ; Repeated pelvic CT, after the second cycle of Taxol demonstrates healing and tenex.
Metformin for PCOS AD sent confirmation that his local Trust consultant was unwilling to amend their advice sheet. Agreed that an advice sheet was required. DC to investigate via local Medicines Information department and SB to check national database. e ; Atomoxetine Children's SCP had been approved by the Children's Hospital MMG, but KO'B reported that it had not been approved by central and South PCTs. JB reported that Pennine Trust have a SCP for children and adults. Agreed that it would be helpful to try to combine the two SCPs into one that was agreeable to all. f ; Vigabatrin Agreed that an information sheet or newsletter for GPs on this would be helpful. SB to draft. g ; Melatonin AG sent confirmation that this will be included in the new Children's BNF. He has also been sent a SCP that he will forward to the group for consideration. h ; Octreotide June so had reported that Christie Hospital have made some modifications to the template for octreotide lanreotide SCP so it is specific for neuroendocrine tumours rather than NETs and acromegaly which was confusing ; . This had been agreed by their local MMGs. DC to forward copy to SB. i ; Interface prescribing problems DC reported that he'd sent details of some of the interface prescribing problems to Richard Hey for him to raise at the GMMMG meeting at the end of May. To await feedback. 5. GM Red-Amber-Green list guidance document SB asked for responses to the questions on page 42 of the draft by 20th May. The document also needs to go out for consultation across GM MMGs, Chief Execs, Medical Directors, Chief Pharmacists, PCT Advisors etc ; . Final draft to be distributed for comment at July conference. 6. Update on Medicines Management Conference 5th July SB confirmed details of the conference 5th July. Anyone supplying posters needs to have the abstract submitted by the end of May. Up to 5 individuals per GM organisation permitted to attend free of charge. 7. Patient information leaflet Agreed that this needs to be incorporated into the final guidance document. SB to contact NL to obtain a copy of the updated leaflet.
All about taxol
The Company declared and paid a cash dividend of ##TEXT##.06 per share in the first and second quarters of 2004, and a cash dividend of ##TEXT##.08 per share in the third and fourth quarters of 2004. Any future declaration and payment of cash dividends will be subject to the discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend upon such factors as the Board of Directors deems relevant. The Board of Directors may modify the Company's dividend policy from time to time and teniposide.
The most frequent dose limiting events are myelosuppression, neuropathy, hypersensitivity reactions and musculoskeletal effects. Hypersensitivity reactions typically occur in early treatment courses and within the first hour of infusion. Dyspnea, flushing, chest pain and tachycardia were the most frequent manifestations. Reactions are neither dose-related nor dependent on prior exposure to paclitaxel, and may be caused by histamine release mediated by the Cremophor EL diluent. Because of the significant risk of hypersensitivity reactions the patient must be monitored closely, a physician must be readily available, as well as emergency medications and resuscitation equipment. Anaphylaxis and severe hypersensitivity reactions hypotension, angioedema, generalised urticaria ; occur in 2% of patients and may rarely be fatal. Myalgia and or arthralgia tend to appear 2-8 days after taxol administration and resolve within 4-7 days. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are successful in relieving these symptoms. Peripheral neuropathy may be been dose limiting and is dose related. Common symptoms include numbness, tingling and or burning pain in a glove-and-stocking distribution. The symptoms are generally tolerable, but may be disabling especially in patients treated with doses 250 mg m2, in those treated with paclitaxel in combination with cisplatin and in those at high risk of developing neurotoxicity e.g., prior exposure to neurotoxic agents such as cisplatin and the vinca alkaloids, diabetes mellitus, or chronic alcoholism ; . Below the dose of 170 mg m2 peripheral neuropathy is rare. Mild symptoms usually improve or resolve completely within several months after discontinuation of therapy. Pre-existing neuropathies are not a contraindication to treatment with paclitaxel. The development of severe symptoms is unusual and requires a dosage reduction of 20% for subsequent courses of paclitaxel. Central neurotoxicity may occur and may be severe, especially in children treated at high dosage. Paclitaxel has the potential to enhance radiation injury to tissues. While often called radiation recall reactions, the timing of the radiation may be before, concurrent with or even after the administration of the paclitaxel. Recurrent injury to a previously radiated site may occur weeks to months following radiation. Toxicity may be more severe in HIV patients, especially infection febrile neutropenia and opportunistic infections ; and neutropenia and taxol.
Taxol and carboplatinum lung cancer
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